1.谢伦娜向帕特里斯索要了“双重赔偿损失”(double damages)。密尔沃基的房东有权对在驱逐命令到期后滞留的房客索讨双倍的日租金(威斯康星州法704.27)。这项规定的意图在于:当遭到驱逐的租户赖着不走,妨碍房东重新出租时,可以弥补损失的房租收入。谢伦娜一般不会这么做,但在帕特里斯那儿她破了例。为什么?“因为她把我们和解的路子堵死了!她太会耍嘴皮子了。”谢伦娜说。
2.参见Elliot Liebow,Tally’s Corner:A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men(Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1967),63。由于居住条件差而可能引起的疾患包括气喘、铅中毒、呼吸系统并发症、发展迟缓、心脏病和神经系统失调。某知名的医疗期刊继而将不合格的屋况称作是“公共卫生危机”。只要在糟糕的房子里住上一段时间,就有可能对身体健康造成持久的负面影响,这对孩子来说尤甚。关于住房和健康之间的关联,参见Samiya Bashir,“Home Is Where the Harm Is:Inadequate Housing as a Public Health Crisis,”American Journal of Public Health 92(2002):733-38;Gary Evans,Nancy Wells,and Annie Moch,“Housing and Mental Health:A Review of the Evidence and a Methodological and Conceptual Critique,”Journal of Social Issues 59(2003):475-500;James Krieger and Donna Higgins,“Housing and Health:Time Again for Public Health Action,”American Journal of Public Health 92(2002):758-68;Wayne Morgan et al.,“Results of a Home-Based Environmental Intervention among Urban Children with Asthma,”New England Journal of Medicine 351(2004):1068-80;Joshua Sharfstein et al.,“Is Child Health at Risk While Families Wait for Housing Vouchers?”American Journal of Public Health 91(2001):1191-192。
3.Lee Rainwater,Behind Ghetto Walls:Black Family Life in a Federal Slum(Chicago:Aldine,1970),476.
4.Robert Sampson,Great American City:Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2012);Patrick Sharkey,Stuck in Place:Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2013).
5.Julie Clark and Ade Kearns,“Housing Improvements,Perceived Housing Quality and Psychosocial Benefits from the Home,”Housing Studies 27(2012):915-39;James Dunn and Michael Hayes,“Social Inequality,Population Health,and Housing:A Study of Two Vancouver Neighborhoods,”Social Science and Medicine 51(2000):563-87.关于地域歧视,参见Loïc Wacquant,Urban Outcasts:A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality(Malden,MA:Polity Press,2008),chapter 6。